Connecting with Kppp

Red Hat Linux 6.2: The Official Red Hat Linux Getting Started Guide
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# Connecting with `Kppp`

`Kppp` is one the useful utilities included in KDE. `Kppp` can make establishing your Internet connection easy -- and easy to modify. A dialer and configuration application, `Kppp` works with `pppd` -- the Point-to-Point Protocol daemon.

## Starting `Kppp`

To start `Kppp`, go to the Main Menu K icon => Internet => Kppp (see Figure 6-15).

Figure 6-15. Starting `Kppp` from the menu

Type the password for the root account when it's requested. The opening dialog for `Kppp` will be "grayed out," because you haven't created an account yet (see Figure 6-16).

Figure 6-16. The Main Dialog of `Kppp`

## Configuring `Kppp`

To begin, select the Setup button. The next dialog to open will be the `Kppp` configuration dialog (similar to Figure 6-17).

Figure 6-17. The `Kppp` Configuration Dialog

Click the New button to enter your Internet account information.

### The `Dial` Tab

In the `New Account` dialog, you can specify the account details, such as name, phone number, DNS entries and other information. The information is divided into "tabbed" dialogs (see Figure 6-18).

Figure 6-18. The `New Account` Dial Tab

In the `Dial` tab, enter the following:

- `Connection Name:` The name you wish to give your account (for example, Mindspring or My ISP).

- `Phone Number:` The phone number to connect to your ISP.

- `Authentication:` From this drop-down list, you can select the following methods of login authentication: PAP, Script-based, Terminal-based, or CHAP. (These are methods used to verify your login. You may want to check with your ISP to determine which type of authentication method you must use.) If you're required to use a script-based login, the section called The `Login Script` Tab can assist you in entering your script.

- `Store password:` Check this option if you don't want to be required to enter your password each time you want to log on.

The remaining fields allow you to specify a program you want to run when your connection is established (or after you've disconnected).

You can also specify options you want to pass to `pppd` in the `Edit pppd arguments` by pressing the Arguments button.

Unless you know what you're doing, however, you should leave these additional options alone.

### Static or Dynamic IP

In the `IP` tab, you should specify whether you'll be using dynamic IP addresses or, if your ISP has provided you with your own IP address you can enter it here (see Figure 6-19).

Figure 6-19. Specify `IP` Addressing

(Hint: If your ISP has not provided you with an IP address, you should check `Dynamic IP Address`.)

### DNS entries

In the `DNS` tab (see Figure 6-20), you should enter the name of your ISP's domain name (such as `earthlink.net`).

Figure 6-20. Specify Domain Name and DNS Entries

If your ISP provided you with DNS addresses, enter them in the `DNS IP Address` field. When you've finished typing in the numbers, click on the Add button, and the numbers will be entered into the `DNS Address List` box. (By default, you won't be able to click on the Add button until you've entered the entire DNS number in the address field.)

Note that the field `Disable existing DNS Servers during Connection` will override the DNS list. If you've entered DNS numbers, you should leave this option unchecked.

Figure 6-21. Select Default or Static Gateway

### Specify Gateways

In the next tab, `Gateway` (see Figure 6-21), select either `Default Gateway` or `Static Gateway`. If your ISP has specified an IP address you should use as a static gateway, enter that IP number in the space provided.

| Assigning the "default route"
| Unless you know what you're doing, you should leave `Assign the Default Route to this Gateway` box checked. Unchecking this option could cause problems for your software when you're online.

### The `Login Script` Tab

The `Login Script` tab allows you to specify how you want to login to your ISP (see Figure 6-22). If you chose to use a script-based login in the `Authentication` procedure of the `Dial` tab, you can enter that script here.

Figure 6-22. The `Login Script` Dialog

Not all ISPs require a script-based login procedure; you should check with your ISP to find out specific entries which might be necessary in a login script.

A login script helps your machine negotiate a successful connection with your ISP. Your machine expects a string of information from your ISP, then sends a string of information or prompts. In this way, your machine "shakes hands" with your ISP.

In the `Login Script` tab, use the drop-down list at the left of the dialog to create a series of steps you want your machine to follow when you log in to your ISP. You can select a variety of options to create your script, step by step. In the window to the right of the drop-down list, type in the specific information you want to supply with the option from the drop-down list.

Click the Add button to add your step. If you must modify your script, you can choose an option, supply the information and use the Insert button to place it in the script, rather than having to recreate the script from scratch.

You can also remove a step in your script by highlighting the entry and clicking the Remove button.

If you have difficulty connecting to your ISP after you configure `Kppp`, check the option `Show Log Window` on the main `Kppp` dialog. The log window will open when you try to connect to your ISP, showing you what your ISP is expecting and what your machine is sending.

In Figure 6-22, for example, the login script is for an ISP which sends a prompt for the login ID, then for the password and finally, after a brief pause, requires that a user send the string `ppp`. The script looks like:

Table 6-1. A Sample Login Script

Option | Enter | Purpose
--- | --- | ---
`Expect` | `ID:` | Wait for the `ID:` login prompt from the server
`Send` | `mylogin` | Send your login name for the account
`Expect` | `word:` | Wait for the `password` prompt from the server
`Send` | `mypassword` | Send the account's password
`Expect` | `welcome to yourisp` | Wait for the welcome message from the server
`Pause` | `3` | Specifies a pause of 3 seconds (a value for `Pause` will be in seconds, by default)

It may not be necessary for you to use a script-based login procedure, however; this depends on requirements from your ISP. In some cases, using `PAP` or `CHAP` may be all that's necessary. Again, check with your ISP for specific login requirements.

### The `Accounting` Tab

In the `Accounting` tab, you can specify whether and how you want `Kppp` to monitor your online activities (see Figure 6-23).

Figure 6-23. Specifying Accounting

Accounting can be useful if your ISP bills you by the number of bytes transferred during your time online -- rather than by a flat monthly rate, for example. Referred to as volume accounting, this tool will count the number of bytes to or from your machine on the Internet.

Once you're finished creating your account, click on the OK button.

Next, in the `kppp Configuration` window, you'll see your newly created account. (If you want to modify the account, highlight the account by clicking on it once, then selecting the Edit button to the side of the `Account Setup` window.)

### Specifying a Device

Now, it's time to provide the location and speed of your modem, in the `Device` tab (see Figure 6-24). Here, you specify where your modem is located, its baud rate, some hardware settings and other specifics.

In `Modem Device`, you'll find a drop-down box allowing you to choose the location of your modem.

Figure 6-24. Device Configuration

The following list is a comparison of serial line names in MS-DOS (and Windows) and Linux. If you know that your modem is attached to `COM2` under Windows, for example, its location in Linux will be `/dev/ttyS1`.

- `COM1` = `/dev/ttyS0`

- `COM2` = `/dev/ttyS1`

- `COM3` = `/dev/ttyS2`

- `COM4` = `/dev/ttyS3`

Once you've selected the location of your modem, you can select the flow control.

Although you have a choice in the drop-down list for `Flow Control`, the default -- `CRTSCTS`, which specifies hardware flow control -- is the recommended setting (`XON/XOFF` specifies software flow control).

The following entry, `Line Termination`, allows you to specify a correct setting for your modem. Often, the `CR/LF` entry is correct for most modems. If, however, you have difficulty querying your modem (see the section called Testing Your Modem), this may be one area to which you should return to adjust settings.

The `Connection Speed` entry allows you to select the highest baud rate for your modem (for example, a 56k modem can typically be set to 115200).

By default, `Use Lock File` is checked. This means that `Kppp` will lock the device while you're online -- preventing others from using the modem.

The `Modem Timeout` entry provides the time, in seconds during which `Kppp` waits for a `CONNECT` response after dialing.

### Testing Your Modem

In the `Modem` section, you can test your modem's responsiveness to your configuration (see Figure 6-25). By adjusting the sliding bar next to `Modem volume`, you can modify the volume of your modem while you're dialing and connecting.

Figure 6-25. The `Modem` Tab

When you select the Modem Commands button, you'll be presented with the `Edit Modem Commands` dialog, which will allow you to modify how your modem dials, connects and more.

| Check your modem's documentation
| Check the documentation supplied with your modem for specifics on your modem's initialization string, dial string and other settings.

Click on the Query Modem button to have `Kppp` search your system to identify the modem. A window similar to Figure 6-26 will open to show the progress of the query.

Figure 6-26. Querying for the Modem

If the query was successful, you'll see the results in the dialog which follows, showing details which `Kppp` has gleaned from your modem (see Figure 6-27).

Figure 6-27. Results of the Query

If you select the Terminal button, `Kppp` will open a mini-terminal, with which you can test your modem configuration.

### The `PPP` and `Graph` Tabs

In the `PPP` tab, you can determine such options as automatic reconnection or disconnection, display of `Kppp` on connection and more.

Figure 6-28. The `PPP` Tab

You can select from the following options:

- `pppd Timeout`: Specifies the time allowed to establish a connection, before giving up.

- `Dock into Panel on Connect`: Select this to have `Kppp` displayed as an icon in the Panel once you establish a connection. (This option overrides the `Minimize Window on Connect` selection.)

- `Automatic Redial on Disconnect`: Place a checkmark in this box if you want to have `Kppp` immediately redial your service if you're disconnected.

- `Show Clock on Caption`: Check this to see a clock displaying your connection time.

- `Disconnect on X-server shutdown`: If you choose this option, your connection will be terminated when your X server shuts down. This is a useful option if you're likely to shutdown your X session without taking the time to disconnect, because it causes a disconnection when you log out.

- `Quit on Disconnect`: When you've disconnected from your ISP, `Kppp` will also quit. Otherwise, you'll return to the initial `Kppp` window.

- `Minimize Window on Connect`: This will minimize `Kppp` to the taskbar.

In the `Graph` tab, you can modify the colors of the throughput graph, which is a visual chart showing you the bytes exchanged between your machine and your ISP while you're online.

The `About` tab displays some information about `Kppp`, such as its authors, copyright and credits.

## Connecting and Disconnecting with `Kppp`

Once you've configured `Kppp`, you're ready to try it out.

From the Main Menu K icon, go to Internet and click on Kppp. Before the application starts, you'll be required to enter your root password. (Note that you can remain in your user account, however; it isn't necessary to log in as root.)

In the main dialog for `Kppp` which opens, enter the login ID and password for your Internet account (as in Figure 6-29).

Figure 6-29. The Main Dialog for `Kppp`

If you want to debug the configuration, or watch the progress of your connection, check the box marked `Show Log Window`.

Figure 6-30. The Login Script Debug Window in `Kppp`

To begin your session, click on the Connect button. A window, similar to Figure 6-31, will show the status of your connection, such as the initialization of your modem, and the progress of the transaction. (You can also open the log window by clicking on the Log button in this progress window.)

Figure 6-31. The Progress Window

Once you've established a connection with your ISP, `Kppp` will dock into the Panel or become minimized on the Taskbar, depending on the options you selected when you configured the application.

To view statistics about your connection, such as the throughput rate and IP addresses, open the status window of `Kppp` and click on the Details button, which will open a window showing you statistics about your connection (see Figure 6-32).

Figure 6-32. Connection Statistics

To disconnect, if the application is docked into the Panel, click once on the icon to open the connection status window (see Figure 6-33), then click on the Disconnect button.

Figure 6-33. Connection Status

If you chose to minimize the application to the Taskbar, then maximize the application and click on the Disconnect button.

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